Ontology vs. Coding Scheme vs. Epistemological Framing

One-page teaching handout for the onboarding guide. Use this before the full 35-minute reading.

Running example: A student says, "ChatGPT helped me think, but I still checked the answer because it might be making things up."
QuestionOntologyCoding SchemeEpistemological Framing
What is it? A formal or semi-formal representation of shared objects and relations. An analytic instrument for interpreting segments of data in a corpus. A construct for explaining how participants orient to knowledge practices.
Reads the example as... AI tool, student, claim, verification, uncertainty, checksAgainst. AI-trust-hedge, verification practice, responsible-student identity work. Sensemaking-with-verification: AI is a provisional epistemic partner, not an unquestioned authority.
Best output RDF, OWL, SKOS, competency questions, reusable vocabulary. Codebook, definitions, inclusion/exclusion rules, excerpts, memos. Account of local orientation to evidence, authority, uncertainty, and action.
Validation Logical consistency, competency question coverage, expert review, reuse. Trustworthiness, inter-rater agreement when appropriate, audit trail, reflexivity. Coherence across discourse, behavior, task context, and theoretical account.
Reviewer risk Treating local interpretive categories as universal infrastructure. Treating code assignment as mere annotation or ground-truth labeling. Invoking "framing" abstractly without showing a concrete shift in orientation.

10-Minute Skim Path

  • §1: Dialectic and running example
  • §5: Operational differences
  • §6: Six common misconceptions
  • §8: Coexistence design checklist

Rule of Thumb

  • Use ontology to stabilize reusable epistemic objects.
  • Use coding to preserve situated meaning-making.
  • Use epistemological framing to explain how learners take up objects as knowledge practices.